Methodology

Every number on this site traces to a named central bank publication. Nothing is scraped from comparison sites, and no parallel, street or peer-to-peer rates are published anywhere.

Published rates

A rate is direct when the source publishes that exact pair, for example the euro rates the European Central Bank publishes each working day.

Cross rates

A rate is crossed when both currencies appear in one source against a common base and we divide one by the other. USD to INR, for example, is the ECB’s EUR/INR divided by its EUR/USD, both from the same publication on the same day. Rates from different sources or different days are never mixed into one number.

Pegged Gulf currencies

The dirham, riyal and several other Gulf currencies are pegged to the US dollar, and their central banks do not publish a daily rate against the rupee, peso or naira. For these, the US dollar cross rate is converted at the peg: AED to INR is USD to INR divided by the number of dirhams per dollar.

A peg is used only after it has been confirmed against the central bank’s own policy page. Pairs whose peg is unconfirmed are not published at all.

Currencies we do not derive

• KWD: Basket peg; value not derivable from a fixed USD rate. Take the published CBO rate once the CBO collector is running. Do not use Central Bank of Kuwait data without their prior written permission.

Publication schedules and stale data

Sources publish on working days and pause for weekends and their own holidays; a rate carries the date it was published, not the date you read it. If a source misses its schedule, pages carrying its rates show a notice instead of quietly serving an old number.

What these rates are not

• Not live market rates, and not the rate you will be offered.
• Not transaction rates: banks and transfer services apply their own rates and fees.
• Not parallel or street market rates, which this site does not publish.
• Not financial advice. Tools on this site are illustrations.